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About the Foundation For Economic Research and Training(FERT)

The Foundation for Economic Research and Training (FERT) is a registered, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization with the objective of carrying out socioeconomic research, publications, and training in Nigeria, Africa, and the developing world. FERT was established in 1995 to fill the gap existing between rigorous social research and reality. The crisis of underdevelopment in Nigeria and Africa requires the urgent need for relevant research. The output of such research will be of use to policymakers in their efforts to tackle problems of underdevelopment and poverty.

Objectives

The specific objectives of FERT include:

• To engage in social and economic research that will aid the understanding of development and underdevelopment in Nigeria in particular and other developing countries in general;
• To carry out research that border on psychological factors that in?uence health, wellness and diseases
• To promote the development of technical and entrepreneurial skills, and enhance economic empowerment in developing countries.
• To promote psychological prevention research and demonstration studies in order to address, among others, the impact of poverty in the developing world and immigration to developed countries, for example, the U.S.A.
• To provide a link between researchers in academia and policymakers in government, international institutions and other nongovernmental organizations through net working in thematic and nonthematic research as well as through publications;
• To engage in research and programs that will emancipate the vulnerable groups in Nigeria and Africa;
• To provide training to policymakers at all levels, academia, the private sector, and other groups through workshops, seminars and symposia;
• To make available recommendations derived from research to appropriate functionaries of government, domestic and international research organizations;
• and
• To aid the publishing of educational materials.

Table of Contents

Chapter One: Introduction

• 1. 1.1 General Introduction
  1. 1.2 Objective of the Study
  1. 1.3 Theoretical Issues on Poverty
  1. 1.3.1 Definition of Poverty
  1. 1.3.2 Typology of Poverty
  1. 1.3.3 Causes of Poverty
  1. 1.3.4 Measurement of Poverty
• Chapter Two: The SocioEconomic Status of Akwa lbom State
  1. 2.1 Introduction
  1. 2.2 Geography, Population and Governance
  1. 2.3 Economic Condition
  1. 2.4 Social Conditions
  Chapter Three: Methodology
  1. 3.1 Introduction
  1. 3.2 Data Requirementand Sources
  1. 3.3 Sample Population, Sample Size and Method
  1. 3.4 Data Collection Technique and Analysis
  1. 3.5 Poverty Line
  Chapter Four: Expenditure Pattern
  1. 4.1 Introduction
  1. 4.2 Expenditure by Deciles
  1. 4.3 Expenditure by Local Government area
  1. 4.4 Expenditure by Economic Status of Household Heads
  1. 4.5 Expenditure by Living Conditions of Household Heads
  1. 4.6 Expenditure by Environmental Conditions of Households
  1. 4.7 Inequality in Per Capita Expenditure Distributions
  Chapter Five: Poverty Profile
  1. 5.1 Introduction
  1. 5.2 Poverty Estimate
  1. 5.3 Poverty by Local Government Area
  1. 5.4 Poverty by Economic Conditions of Household Heads
  1. 5.4.1 Income
  1. 5.4.2 Employment and Occupational Status
  1. 5.4.3 Educational Status
  1. 5.4.4 Credit Facility
  1. 5.5 Poverty by Living Conditions of Household Heads
  1. 5.5.1 Place of Residence
  1. 5.5.2 Age Group
  1. 5.5.3 Gender
  1. 5.5.4 Marital Status
  1. 5.5.5 Household Size
  1. 5.5.6 Ethnic Group
  1. 5.5.7 Feeding Condition
  1. 5.6 Poverty by Environmental Conditions
  1. 5.6.1 Nature and Type of Dwelling House
  1. 5.6.2 Source of Water Supply
  1. 5.6.3 Types of Fuel Used
  1. 5.6.4 Sanitation
  1. 5.6.5 Toilet Facility
  1. 5.6.6 Mode of Transportation
  1. 5.7 Access to Functional SocioEconomic Facilities
  Chapter Six: Determinants of Poverty
  1. 6.1 Introduction
  1. 6.2 Total poverty
  1. 6.2.1 Overall Poverty
  1. 6.2.2 Core Poverty
  1. 6.3 Urban poverty
  1. 6.4 Rural Poverty
  Chapter Seven: Restructuring for Rapid Transformation
  1. 7.1 Introduction
  1. 7.2 The Economy of Akwa lbom State
  1. 7.3 Conditions for Rapid Transformation
  1. 7.3.1 Necessary Conditions
  1. 7.3.2 Sufficient Conditions
  1. 7.4 Efforts so far: Foundation for Rapid Transformation
  1. 7.5 Conclusion
  Chapter Eight: Summary of Major Findings, Recommendation and Conclusion
  1. 8.1 Brief Overview
  1. 8.2 Summary of Major Findings.
  1. 8.3 Policy Implication and Recommendation
  1. 8.4 Conclusion
  1. References

  List of Table

  1. 1. Akwa lbom State: Rate of Inflation, 1990-1997(%).
  1. 2. Poverty incidence in selected states in Nigeria, 1990-1996(%).
  1. 3. Poverty Headcount in SouthSouth zone in Nigeria 1996(%)
  1. 4. Akwa lbom State Fiscal Operations 19881999 (N million).
  1. 5. Akwa lbom State: Growth of selected Fiscal variables, 1990 - 1999(%).
  1. 6. Akwa lbom State Fiscal Dependency Ratids.
  1. 7. Distribution of valid questionnaires by local government areas.
  1. 8. Distribution of Per Capita Expenditure by Population Decile 2000 (Current Prices).
  1. 9. Distribution of Mean Per Capita Monthly Expenditure by Local Government Area
  1. 10. Distribution of Mean Per Capita Monthly Expenditure by Economic Status of Households.
  1. 11. Distribution of Mean Per Capita Monthly Expenditure by Living Conditions of Household.
  1. 12. Distribution of Mean Monthly Per Capita Expenditure by Environmental Conditions of Household.
  1. 13. Estimate of Poverty by Local Government Area.
  1. 14. Percentage Poverty Headcount by Local Government Area and Poverty Group.
  1. 15. Poverty Estimate by Economic Conditions of Household Heads in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 16. Percentage Poverty Headcount by income and Poverty Group.
  1. 17. Distribution of Poverty by Ability of Households Heads to Meet Basic Needs.
  1. 18. Distribution of Poverty by Employment, Occupational and Job Status of Households Heads in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 19. Distribution of Poverty by Educational Status of Household Heads in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 20. Distribution of Poverty by Ownership of Business Enterprise and Credit Facility.
  1. 21. Distribution Estimate by Living Conditions of Households Heads in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 22. Percentage Distribution of Poverty by Living Conditions and Poverty Group In Akwa lbom State.
  1. 23. Poverty Estimate by Residence and Local Government Area of Akwa lbom State.
  1. 24. Poverty Estimate by Environmental Conditions of Households Heads in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 25. Distribution of Poverty by Environmental Household Head and Poverty Group.
  1. 26. Poverty Estimate by Household Head's Access to Basic SocioEconomic Facilities in Akwa lbom State.
  1. 27. Distribution of poverty by Household Head's Access to Basic SocioEconomic Facilities in Akwa lbom State (Percentage within each Activity).
  1. Distribution of Poverty by Household Head's Access to Basic SocioEconomic Facilities in Akwa lbom State (Percentage within Poverty).
  1. Logit Regression Result of Overall total Poverty
  1. Logit Regression Result of Core Total Poverty.
  1. Logit Regression Results of Core Urban Poverty.
  1. Logit Regression Results of Overall Rural Poverty.
  1. Logit Regression Results of Core Rural Poverty.
  1. Logit Regression Results of Overall Urban Poverty.
  1. Akwa lbom State: Role of Unemployment, 1988 - 1997
  1. Akwa lbom State: Average Rural market Prices of Selected Domestic staple Food Crops, 1989 1998 (Naira per tonne).
  1. Akwa lbom State: Growth of Selected Fiscal Variables, 1990 1998 (%).

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